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TITLE: PASSOVER - Medical Interpretation by a Pathologist -

AUTHOR: SEOK WOO, YANG, MD & PhD

Copyright (C-2013-017025) PASSOVER DAY – Medical Interpretation by a Pathologist – (English)

AUTHOR: SEOK WOO YANG, MD & PhD.

CONTACT: Email: soplab@outlook.kr

DATE: 2020.07.22

CONTENT:

  About the facial mask-wearing, there have been many debates about the efficacy to block the viral particle spread. 

  The author has also fully recognized the incompleteness of the facial mask to prevent the viral particle spread perfectly.

  Nonetheless, the author emphasizes the facial mask-wearing, as the following reasons:

  1. The known key factors to facilitate the spread of respiratory droplets including viral particles are humidity and temperature in the environmental air. The environmental air humidity and temperature vulnerable to COVID-19 is not affected by the seasonal weather, for even in summer, many people live in the air-conditioned situation. With the reasons posted in [ https://gracelive.tistory.com/39?category=838022 ], the facial mask is helpful to keep our air-way mucosa from being infected by COVID-19 and other viral disorders.

 https://gracelive.tistory.com/39?category=838022

2. In 2008, MacIntyre et al reported that the masks as a group had protective efficacy in excess of 80% against clinical influenza-like illness. They concluded that in compliant mask users, masks were highly efficacious to prevent the respiratory viral transmission [ www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(08)01008-4/fulltext ]. 

 This finding can be checked in the case of Taiwan and Iceland during COVID-19 pandemic, where the early facial mask and social distance were adopted and applied in two nations [ https://theconversation.com/what-coronavirus-success-of-taiwan-and-iceland-has-in-common-140455 ].

 Similarly, Singapore and HongKong showed remarkable success in the early prevention of COVID-19. South Korea (ROK), where even opened to China, became to suppress the further spread of COVID-19 as time went on. [ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/should-we-be-promoting-the-widespread-use-of-masks/ ]

3. About above 1. & 2., the author speculates the background medical mechanism why these events happened as the mechanism of live attenuated vaccine effect. Although the facial mask is not perfect to block the viral particle spread via respiratory droplets, the amount of spread viral particles must be reduced down, to some extent. The reduced amount of viral particles can be presumed to act as the live attenuated vaccine effect rather than pathogenic(causing to provoke disease condition) effect. 

 Passover in the Old Testament may be a suitable historic case for live attenuated vaccine effects. The air containing certain microorganisms was penetrable to all houses of Israelites and Egyptians. The only different point is that the houses of Israelites were painted with sheep blood on the doorframes. The author infers the sheep blood on the doorframe might be functioned as a filter like a facial mask for air-borne viral or bacterial particles. The reduced amount of microorganisms might act as live attenuated vaccines rather than pathogens.

[ https://gracelive.tistory.com/53?category=838022 ]

Cautiously, the author predicts that the herd immunity to COVID-19 can be achieved as time goes on, like Rabies, Influenza, and other viral diseases, without an increase in mortality rate when with the above reasons.

Passover and Blood on the doorframe

Author: SEOK WOO YANG, M.D. & Ph.D. 

Contact: E.mail: soplab@outlook.kr

Chapter 12 of Exodus in Bible reports on Passover day. Here God ordered the Israelite to avoid disaster on Passover day.

Chapter 12: verse 12th and 13th of Exodus, Bible says, "12 on that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn - both men and animals - and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt" (Figure 1).

The Passover means the disaster skipped the Israelite who kept the orders of God.

God orders the Israelite to paint the blood of lamb or goat on the sides and tops of the doorframe.

Why did God order this?

I interpreted this question medically. In terms of pathology, my opinion on these two problems is as follows;

Blood color varies from red to dark purple according to oxygen saturation. The main component of blood hue is caused by RBC (Red Blood Cell). When oxygen is rich in blood, blood color is red by binding O2 to iron in hemoglobin. Conversely, when oxygen is deficient, blood hue is dark purple. When we have cut wound in the skin, the blood coagulates slightly sticky. This occurs mainly by the fibrin component. The fibrin particles are interlocked and form chains of fibrin, a structure of meshwork (Fig.2.). This meshwork structure filters blood cells, especially platelets and RBCs. All this process leads to blood coagulation. The characteristics of the fibrin component endow the blood glutinous.

Sticking nature of blood by fibrin and blood other components, namely viscous force, makes blood to acquire the filtering power to capture fine dust of air including microorganisms (bacteria and virus particles).

 This may dilute the density of microbial pathogen particles.

As a principle of vaccine, the diluted amount of microbial pathogens may work as an immune-boosting effect rather than causing disease.

In this situation, I infer the people who did not paint blood on the doorframe may inhale contaminated air and be exposed to the infectious state. In contrast, people, namely the Israelites who paint blood on the doorframe, may inhale the air of diluted infectious microbial particles, which worked as a vaccine effect.

Furthermore, God designates that doorframe painting with blood should be done at night (Exodus, chapter 12; verse 6th:  Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight). To keep the viscosity of blood, the blood should preserve the liquidness. The liquid state may most be maintained at the cool state. The cool state in a day may be kept at the night time after sunset.

For the above reason, I infer God ordered blood paint on the doorframe at night in a day.

Copyright (C-2013-017025) PASSOVER DAY – Medical Interpretation by a Pathologist – (English) 

Facial Mask in the year 2020:

 As of March. 2020, novel coronavirus infection is pandemic. As a primary preventive method, the importance of the facial mask is raised. The author thinks that the facial mask may play a role in decreasing the number of viral droplets in inflowing air like the doorframe painted with blood in Passover. 

AUTHOR:SEOK WOO YANG, M.D. & Ph.D. (E.mail: soplab@outlook.kr)

DATE: 2020.03.09

CONTENT:

 Human coronaviruses have a property to haemagglutinate with sheep erythrocytes(red blood cells).[1] In contrast, human coronaviruses do not haemagglutinate with chick erythrocytes.[2] 

 These findings are reminiscent of the interpretaton by Yang(2013) about 'Passover and Blood of Sheep or Goat'.[3] 

 The story about 'Passover and Blood of Sheep or Goat' is below: 

 In chapter 12: verse 5th ~ 7th of Exodus, Bible says, "5 The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6; Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. 7 Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs".

 There is a question, "why did God designate the blood of lamb or goat for doorframe painting?”.

 In that time of Exodus, there should be poultry and animals besides sheep and goat.

 If the stickiness of blood is enough for removing infectious microbial pathogens, why did God designate specifically the blood of lamb or goat?

 Concerning this question, I think the blood painted on doorframe even at night can be dry in some degree. In the partial dry state, the microbial organisms attached within blood can be detached and easily floated into the air. The microbial-contaminated air can be inhaled into the lung of the Israelite and cause an infectious state.

 To overcome this problem, the blood of lamb or goat should have a certain specific attribute to seize microbial organism, even in the dry state of the blood.

 Regarding this problem, there is an interesting report by Medeiros et al (2001. Virology 289:74-85).[4] Medeiros et al found influenza virus particles stick to the RBCs (Red Blood Cell) in the blood of lamb or goat and aggregates RBCs (termed 'agglutination'). In contrast, the RBCs in the blood of chicken does not cause this reaction. As inferred from this fact, there must be specificity in each species of animal or poultry, in RBC agglutination to particular microbial pathogens.

 So I think God may order the blood of lamb or goat to remove the particular microbial pathogens at the Passover day night.

Through the stickiness and the RBC agglutination of the blood of lamb or goat, it is more likely that the amount of filtered microbial pathogens may work as a vaccine effect.

 In the chapter 12 of Exodus in the old testament, verse 12th and 13th, the Bible says, "12 on that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn - both men and animals - and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you.

 Although there can be other pathogens and view points to be considered, the plausible facts of haemagglutination with sheep erythrocytes and the rapid occurrence of death overnight seem to be similar to those of COVID-19 infection.

REFERENCE:

1. Hierholzer JC, Tannock GA. Quantitation of antibody to non-hemagglutinating 

viruses by single radial hemolysis: serological test for human coronaviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Jun;5(6):613-20.

2. Gerdes JC, Klein I, DeVald BL, Burks JS. Coronavirus isolates SK and SD from multiple sclerosis patients are serologically related to murine coronaviruses A59 and JHM and human coronavirus OC43, but not to human coronavirus 229E. J 
Virol. 1981 Apr;38(1):231-8.

3. Yang SW. Episode 2. Passover and Blood of Sheep or Goat. PASSOVER DAY – Medical Interpretation by a Pathologist (English). Copyright (C-2013-017025) 

4. Medeiros R, Escriou N, Naffakh N, Manuguerra JC, van der Werf S. Hemagglutinin residues of recent human A(H3N2) influenza viruses that contribute to the inability to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. Virology. 2001 Oct 
10;289(1):74-85.

Author: SEOK WOO YANG, MD & PhD

Corresponding E.mail: soplab@outlook.kr

Date: 2020.02.01

Contents:

 As of February 1, 2020, the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in mainly China and all over the world has been throwing many peoples into turmoil, as the following reasons:

 1. no therapeutic drug,

 2. no vaccine,

 3. avoidance of infected person is the only preventive method,

 4. even latent patients can spread nCoV infection.

 Until bioscientists and medical doctors discover a new therapeutic drug, what can/should we do?

 As a common sense, the key point to prevent infection is to boost the immunity of humans.

The type of required immunity in case of nCoV should be both anti-viral and anti-bacterial in nature. 

 About this issue, I searched the answer in the Bible.

 In 2013, I wrote the booklet, titled as 'PASSOVER DAY – Medical Interpretation by a Pathologist –' Copyright (C-2013-017025).

Among the contents, I published one related theme, 'Passover and Bitter Herb'. Its story is as follows:

Title: Passover and Bitter Herb

 In Chapter 12: verse 8th of Exodus, the Bible says, "That same night they are to eat the meat roasted over the fire, along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast".

 Why did God direct the Israelite to eat the meat of sheep or goat with bitter herb?

 As the Korean proverb of "Good drug is bitter", the pharmaceutical effects of many herbal medicines are due to bitter components. Drewnowski and Gomez-Carnezo reported on components of bitter taste (Am J of Clini Nutrition 2000;72:1424-35). The known chemical components of bitter taste are phenol, isoflavonoid, flavonoid, terpenes, glucosinolate, tannin, and et al. These chemicals have bactericidal, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. Herein we can guess the role of the bitter herb on Passover day night against infection.

 When I went through military training on the mountain, there was a disposable toilet for soldiers. This toilet is simply made of one bottle with an entrance for receiving urine. The toilet bottle entrance is sealed by filter net. The filter net is covered by many leaves of pine tree. The leaf of pine tree is rich in phenol, which has a bactericidal effect on bacteria in urine and prevents a bad smell.

 Many references mentioned the bitter herbs on Passover day night to probably be chicory and dandelion. 

 The alcohol extract of the root of chicory has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect.

 Chicory also has antiviral activity and its ability to boost the immune system.

 Dandelion is also antipyretic and used as diuretic and digestive drug. It is also used to treat jaundice and chronic disorder of the kidney. Dandelion leaves are rich in vitamin C. As we know, vitamin C is known to be one of the first remedy in common cold.

 In summary, the bitter herbs on Passover day-night seemed to play a pivotal role in anti-infectivity and boosting immunity.

 In this context, even in case of 2019-nCoV infection, the key component of our daily food should contain bitter herbs or vegetables, such as chicory, dandelion, perilla leaf, etc.